Defining & non-defining relative clauses

http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/grammar-reference/relative-clauses-non-defining-relative-clauses

Relative clauses - non-defining relative clauses

Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a noun. They are usually divided into two types –defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses.

Non-defining relative clauses

Look at this sentence.

• My grandfather, who is 87, goes swimming every day.

‘who is 87’ is a non-defining relative clause. It adds extra information to the sentence. If we take the clause out of the sentence, the sentence still has the same meaning.

Look at some more examples.

• The film, which stars Tom Carter, is released on Friday.
• My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in Hong Kong at the moment.
• The car, which can reach speeds of over 300km/ph, costs over $500,000.

Non-defining relative clauses add extra information to sentences.

Defining or non-defining?

Remember that defining relative clauses are used to add important information. The sentence would have a different meaning without the defining relative clause.

• I’m going to wear the skirt that I bought in London. The defining relative clause tells us which skirt.
• The skirt, which is a lovely dark blue colour, only cost £10. The non-defining relative clause doesn’t tell us which skirt – it gives us more information about the skirt.

Non-defining relative clauses can use most relative pronouns (which, whose etc,) but they CAN’T use ‘that’ and the relative pronoun can never be omitted.

• The film, that stars Tom Carter, is released on Friday.

Non-defining relative clauses are more often used in written English than in spoken English. You can tell that a clause is non-defining because it is separated by commas at each end of the clause.

Making an appointment

a) Watch the video from 3'10" onwards and write down the key details of the appointment:
- Date:
- Time:
- Place:

b) Listen again and write down the key sentences for making an appointment.

Placing an order

Listen and write down the details of the order.

First experience as a Certified Nurse Assistant

Watch and answer:

1- What’s the name of the speaker?

2- What period of time is she talking about?

3- How much is she paid per hour?

4- What task has she basically done so far?

5- Why does she need to have some fresh air?

6- Where did she work before becoming a nurse assistant?

7- Does she think her new job is hard?

8- What does she mean when she says she didn't expect to face identity issues at work with the patients and her workmates?

9- Listen for a second time and say which words she says that should be avoided because they are consired rude or impolite.

Holes, by Passenger

1) Listen and write down all the sentences with the verb 'have got'.
2) What do the statements with the word 'hole' mean? Rephrase them to make their meaning clear.
3) In small groups, ask each other whether you've got any holes in your hearts or your pockets.

Counting Stars - Present Perfect Continuous

Irregular Verbs Grammar Rap Song!

PRESENT CONTINUOUS: Making Arrangements - Things Happening At The Moment

Watch and complete:

...................................... wants to meet ....................................

WHAT FOR: ..................................

WHEN:          ..................................

Listen to the two friends, the dark-haired one and the blond-haired one. The former wants to meet the latter. Fill in the data of their arrangement:

DAY:              ..................................

TIME:             ..................................

PLACE:        .................................

If necessary, watch again and answer:

a) What is the dark-haired friend doing on Tuesday after lunch?

b) What is she doing on Thursday at 1:30 p.m?

c) What is the blond-haired friend doing on Thursday at 3 p.m.?

Verb Form + USE for the PRESENT + USE for the FUTURE:


Some more arrangements:

activity	Meeting Thomas
Activity suggested: Time of the activity: Place:	Meeting point. Meeting time:

1. What are they doing afterwards?

activity	Meeting Thomas
Activity suggested: Time of the activity: Place: Nearest undreground station:	Total of tickets to buy: point. Time to buy them:

1. What are they doing afterwards?
2. Who has been invited?

Look what's happening around this boy who's getting bored, poor thing!

Kiss by Prince -or The Absence Of Obligation

Pay attention at the chorus and write down two sentences showing an absence of obligation.  If necessary, you've got the lyrics below.



You don't have to be beautiful
to turn me on
I just need your body baby
From dusk till dawn
You don't need experience
To turn me out
You just leave it all up to me
I'm gonna show you what it's all about

You don't have to be rich
To be my girl
You don't have to be cool
To rule my world
Ain't no particular sign I'm more compatible with
I just want your extra time and your

Kiss

You got to not talk dirty, baby
If you wanna impress me
You can't be to flirty, mama
I know how to undress me (Yeah)
I want to be your fantasy
Maybe you could be mine
You just leave it all up to me
We could have a good time

You don't have to be rich
To be my girl
You don't have 2 be cool
To rule my world
Ain't no particular sign I'm more compatible with
I just want your extra time and your

Kiss

Yes
I think I wanna dance 
Gotta, Gotta
Little girl Wendy's parade
Gotta, gotta, gotta

Women not girls rule my world
I said they rule my world
Act your age, mama (Not your shoe size)
Not your shoe size
Maybe we could do the twirl
You don't have to watch Dynasty 
To have an attitude
You just leave it all up to me
My love will be your food 
Yeah

You don't have to be rich
To be my girl
You don't have to be cool
To rule my world
Ain't no particular sign I'm more compatible with
I just want your extra time and your
Kiss

Decisions & Intentions

a) Listen and take note of the decisions and intentions of this man in love.
b) Are there any of his decisions and intentions you would disagree with if you were also in love?

The Proclaimers
I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)

When I wake up yeah I know I'm gonna be
I'm gonna be the man who wakes up next to you
When I go out yeah I know I'm gonna be
I'm gonna be the man who goes along with you

If I get drunk yes I know I'm gonna be
I'm gonna be the man who gets drunk next to you
And if I haver yeah I know I'm gonna be
I'm gonna be the man who's havering to you

But I would walk 500 miles
And I would walk 500 more
Just to be the man who walked 1000 miles
To fall down at your door

When I'm working yes I know I'm gonna be
I'm gonna be the man who's working hard for you
And when the money comes in for the work I'll do
I'll pass almost every penny on to you

When I come home yeah I know I'm gonna be
I'm gonna be the man who comes back home to you
And if I grow old well I know I'm gonna be
I'm gonna be the man who's growing old with you

But I would walk 500 miles
And I would walk 500 more
Just to be the man who walked 1000 miles
To fall down at your door

When I'm lonely yes I know I'm gonna be
I'm gonna be the man whose lonely without you
When I'm dreaming yes I know I'm gonna dream
Dream about the time when I'm with you.

But I would walk 500 miles
And I would walk 500 more
Just to be the man who walked 1000 miles
To fall down at your door

source: http://www.lyricsondemand.com/onehitwonders/imgonnabe500mileslyrics.html

 

Verbs + Gerund OR Infinitive that Change in Meaning

http://esl.about.com/od/English-Verb-Forms/a/Verbs-Gerund-Or-Infinitive-That-Change-In-Meaning.htm

Questions with the verb to be: Are We Human, by the Killers

And with the lyrics:

1. Write down the 4 lines of the chorus in your notebook.

Are we human or are we dancer

My sign is vital, my hands are cold

      And I’m on my knees looking for the answer

      Are we human or are we dancer?
2. Listen and underline the verbs. 
3. What’s the infinitive of those verb forms?
4. Fill in the chart with those sentences from the song. Then, if the sentence is interrogative, change it into affirmative and negative.  

(+) .........................  (-)  .........................      (?) Are we human? 

(+) .........................  (-)  .........................      (?) Are we dancer?

  

(+) My sign is vital.   (-)  ......................      (?).............................

(+) My hands are cold.  (-)  ...................   (?).............................

(+) I'm on my knees       (-)  ...................   (?).............................

5. Now,  replace the underlined words by a Noun Phrase or a pronoun.

     For example:

A1) Are we human or are we dancer?

A2) Are Guillermo and I human 

B1) My sign is vital,
B2) ............  is vital 

C1) My hands are cold 
C2) ................... are cold
D1) And I’m on my knees looking for the answer 
D2) And .............. on ............. knees looking for the answer.